Canada's oil sands, located primarily in Alberta, have come under scrutiny due to their substantial environmental impact, particularly in terms of climate change. The extraction and processing of bitumen, a form of petroleum found in the oil sands, are highly energy-intensive and release a considerable amount of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the extraction process involves clearing vast areas of boreal forest, which not only destroys wildlife habitats but also eliminates a crucial natural carbon sink. The water usage and pollution associated with oil sands operations pose additional environmental challenges. The environmental implications extend beyond Canada's borders, as the oil extracted contributes to the global pool of fossil fuels, thus impacting the efforts to transition to cleaner energy sources. Despite technological advancements aimed at reducing the carbon intensity of oil sands operations, the sector still represents a significant obstacle to Canada's climate goals, requiring both technological solutions and policy decisions that prioritize sustainability and environmental stewardship.